Volleyball
Team member 6
Mixed gender Single
Type Indoor, beach, grass
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six
players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a
ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the
official program of the Summer Olympic
Games since 1964.
The
complete rules are extensive. But simply,
play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by
serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or
arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into
the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be
grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but
individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the
first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the
ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent
it from being grounded in their court.
.
The court dimensions
A volleyball court is 18 m (59 ft) long and
9 m (29.5 ft) wide, divided into 9 m × 9 m halves
by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net. The top of the net is 2.43 m (8 ft
0 in) above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m
(7 ft 4 in) for women's competition, varied for veterans and junior
competitions.
The minimum height clearance for indoor volleyball courts
is 7 m (23 ft), although a clearance of 8 m (26 ft) is
recommended.
A line 3 m (9.84 ft) from and parallel to the
net is considered the "attack line". This "3 meter" (or
"10-foot") line divides the court into "back row" and
"front row" areas (also back court and front court). These are in
turn divided into 3 areas each: these are numbered as follows, starting from
area "1", which is the position of the serving player:
After a team gains the serve (also known as siding out),
its members must rotate in a clockwise direction, with the player previously in
area "2" moving to area "1" and so on, with the player from
area "1" moving to area "6".
The team courts are surrounded by an area called the free
zone which is a minimum of 3 meters wide and which the players may enter and
play within after the service of the ball .All lines denoting the
boundaries of the team court and the attack zone are drawn or painted within
the dimensions of the area and are therefore a part of the court or zone.
Lines
on the court
The width of all lines of the court are
5cm.Lines colour should be different from the colour of floor.
Boundary
lines Two end lines and two side lines
indicate the playing court.
Center Line
Axis of center line
divides the court 9*9 two equal parts.
Attack Line
A parallel line exist from the distance of 3m
from center line which is called attack lines.
Zone And Area
Front Zone
Service Zone
Substitution Zone
Libero Replacement Zone
Warm Up Zone
Penalty Area
Front Zone
Front Zone consist the last corner of attack line from the Axis
of center line.
Service Zone
The Area of service Zone 9m
wide behind the every end line.Length of every line is 15cm.
Substitution Zone
Substitution Zone limited between two Attack
Lines and Sorer Table.
Libero Replacement Zone
Libero replacement Zone is the part of free
Zone.This Zone limited the End line from Attack line .
Warm Up Area
The Area of Warm up is 3m*3m in
international competitions.The Location of this
Area is in the corners of sides of benches and the outer side of Free
Zone.
Penalty Area
Penalty Area Locates behind the bench of every Team.Its Area is 1m*1m
and equipped the others.
Temperature
The Temperature must
be 10 cg [50Fh] for playing volleyball.
Lighting
The Lighting must be 1000 to 1500 lux
in the area of international competitions of international
volleyball.[Luxes
means the units of light.]
Net And Posts
Structure Of Net And Heights
Length of Net 9.50m
Width of Net 1m
Net Boxes’s size 10/cm
Height of Net for
Males 2.43m
Height of Net for
Female 2.24m
Color of Net Black
Side Bands
Two White Bands are
vertically fastened with Net and directly connected just above the side
Line.The width of side bands 5cm and the length is 1m and they considers the
part of Net.
Antennae
Antennae is a Flexible
Roll.An The Antennaes are connected at
each external corner of side Bands.
Length of Antennae 1.80m
Circumference of
Antennae 10mm
Length of Antennae above 80cm
the band of Net
Antennae considers the
part of Net and it appears the limits of crossing the ball.
Posts
Posts are adjustable and the height of
posts is 2.55m.
Balls
FIVB regulations state that
the ball must be spherical, made of leather or synthetic leather, have a
circumference of 65–67 cm, a weight of 260–280 g and an inside
pressure of 0.30–0.325 kg/cm2. Other governing bodies have
similar regulations.
Game play
Player Equipment
Uniform, Socks And
Sports Shoes.
Color
of Uniform, Socks and Sports Shoes will be same of all team except Libero.
Height of Numbers on
front of shirt will be 15cm and on the back side 20cm.The representative stripe will be 2cm wide.
Team Captain will paste 2cm
wide and 8cm long stripe under the numbers of chest on his shirt.
Players can wear contact Glasses on
their responsibility.
Team Leaders
Libero players can not become Team
Captain.
Captains and Coaches of both teams
will be responsible of behavior and discipline of their Team Members.
Structure Of Play
The Toss
The Toss is done in the presence of
Captains of both Teams.
Winning Team has a right that
To play first or allow the second team to play
first.
Choose the side of court.
Loosing Team allow to choose later.
Warm Up Session
3 or 5 mints give for Warm up.
Rotation
Playing Actions
States of Playing the Ball
Ball in Play
Ball out of Play
Ball
in Play
When
the Ball touch the surface of Playing court with boundary lines then ball In considered.
Referee calls the
ball in if any partof it hits the lines.
Ball out
- Ball is ruled OUT, if
- the ball lands outside the boundary lines (without
touching the opponent)
- The ball hits the antenna
- any of the net or cables outside the antennas
Contacting the Ball:
- Players are NOT allowed to catch, hold or throw the
ball.
- Players are NOT allowed to hit or block the opponents
serve
- Attacking ball which is coming over the net is ILLEGAL,
if it has NOT broken the plane of the net.
In other words the player is ALLOWED to swing the ball when it breaks the plane of the net.
Very
Basic Volleyball Rules Fouls
- The back row player performs the attack front row. (It
is ILLEGAL for the back row player to step on the attack line when
hitting.)
- The back row player blocks the ball (the player having
any part of the body above the net and touching the ball)
block or defender.
- The player double contacts the ball when setting the
ball (you CAN NOT double hit the ball when setting it)
- Player touches the net while the ball is in the play
(EXCEPTION: if the ball is hit the net and it pushes the net to the opposing player) - Stepping on the back line when serving the ball.
- Reaching over the net to block the ball is ALLOWED, if
the other side as used all the three touches. It is a FALSE, if opposing
team has not used all the touches (and there is somebody trying to make a
play there.)
Service
Service is such an act by which game
is continued by throwing the Ball.The act of service is performed by the back right player from
service Zone.
Scorer's table just before
a game
When the ball contacts the floor within the court
boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded
a point, whether they served the ball or not. If the ball hits the line, the
ball is counted as in. The team that won the point serves for the next point.
If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player
serves again. If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point,
the players of the serving team rotate their position on the court in a
clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points by
a two-point margin is awarded the set. Matches are best-of-five sets and the
fifth set, if necessary, is usually played to 15 points
Libero
In 1998 the libero player was introduced internationally.[20] The libero is a player specialized in
defensive skills: the libero must wear a contrasting jersey color from his or
her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when it is entirely above net
height. When the ball is not in play, the libero can replace any back-row
player, without prior notice to the officials. This replacement does not count
against the substitution limit each team is allowed per set, although the
libero may be replaced only by the player whom he or she replaced.
The libero may function as a setter only under certain
restrictions. If she/he makes an overhand set, she/he must be standing behind
(and not stepping on) the 3-meter line; otherwise, the ball cannot be attacked
above the net in front of the 3-meter line. An underhand pass is allowed from
any part of the court.
The libero is, generally, the most skilled defensive
player on the team. There is also a libero tracking sheet, where the referees
or officiating team must keep track of whom the libero subs in and out for. There
may only be one libero per set (game), although there may be a different libero
in the beginning of any new set (game).
Skills
Competitive teams master six basic skills: serve, pass,
set, attack, block and dig. Each of these skills comprises a number of specific
techniques that have been introduced over the years and are now considered
standard practice in high-level volleyball.
Serve
Setting up for an overhand serve.
A player making a jump serve.
A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball, in
an attempt to drive it into the opponent's court. His or her main objective is
to make it land inside the court; it is also desirable to set the ball's
direction, speed and acceleration so that it becomes difficult for the receiver
to handle it properly. A serve is called an "ace" when the ball lands
directly onto the court or travels outside the court after being touched by an
opponent.
In contemporary volleyball, many types of serves are
employed:
- Underhand:
a serve in which the player strikes the ball below the waist instead of
tossing it up and striking it with an overhand throwing motion. Underhand
serves are considered very easy to receive and are rarely employed in
high-level competitions.
- Sky
ball serve: a specific type of underhand serve occasionally used in beach
volleyball, where the ball
is hit so high it comes down almost in a straight line. This serve was
invented and employed almost exclusively by the Brazilian team in the
early 1980s and is now considered outdated. In Brazil, this serve is
called Jornada nas Estrelas (Star Trek).
- Topspin:
an overhand serve where the player tosses the ball high and hits it with a
wrist span, giving it topspin which causes it to drop faster than it would
otherwise and helps maintain a straight flight path. Topspin serves are
generally hit hard and aimed at a specific returner or part of the court.
Standing topspin serves are rarely used above the high school level of
play.
- Float:
an overhand serve where the ball is hit with no spin so that its path
becomes unpredictable, akin to a knuckleball in baseball.
- Jump
serve: an overhand serve where the ball is first tossed high in the air,
then the player makes a timed approach and jumps to make contact with the
ball, hitting it with much pace and topspin. This is the most popular
serve amongst college and professional teams.
- Jump
float: an overhand serve where the ball is tossed high enough that the
player may jump before hitting it similarly to a standing float serve. The
ball is tossed lower than a topspin jump serve, but contact is still made
while in the air. This serve is becoming more popular amongst college and
professional players because it has a certain unpredictability in its
flight pattern.
Pass
A player making a forearm pass or bump.
Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team
to properly handle the opponent's serve, or any form of attack. Proper handling
includes not only preventing the ball from touching the court, but also making
it reach the position where the setter is standing quickly and precisely.
The skill of passing involves fundamentally two specific
techniques: underarm pass, or bump, where the ball touches the inside part of
the joined forearms or platform, at waist line; and overhand pass, where it is
handled with the fingertips, like a set, above the head. Either are acceptable
in professional and beach volleyball, however there are much tighter
regulations on the overhand pass in beach volleyball.
Set
Jump set
The set is usually the second contact that a team makes
with the ball. The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a
way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court. The setter
coordinates the offensive movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately
decides which player will actually attack the ball.
As with passing, one may distinguish between an overhand
and a bump set. Since the former allows for more control over the speed and
direction of the ball, the bump is used only when the ball is so low it cannot be
properly handled with fingertips, or in beach volleyball where rules regulating
overhand setting are more stringent. In the case of a set, one also speaks of a
front or back set, meaning whether the ball is passed in the direction the
setter is facing or behind the setter. There is also a jump set that is used
when the ball is too close to the net. In this case the setter usually jumps
off his or her right foot straight up to avoid going into the net. The setter
usually stands about ⅔ of the way from the left
to the right of the net and faces the left (the larger portion of net that he
or she can see).
Sometimes a setter refrains from raising the ball for a
teammate to perform an attack and tries to play it directly onto the opponent's
court. This movement is called a "dump".[22] This can only be performed when the setter
is in the front row, otherwise it constitutes an illegal back court attack. The
most common dumps are to 'throw' the ball behind the setter or in front of the
setter to zones 2 and 4. More experienced setters toss the ball into the deep
corners or spike the ball on the second hit.
Attack
The attack, also known as the spike, is usually
the third contact a team makes with the ball. The object of attacking is to
handle the ball so that it lands on the opponent's court and cannot be
defended. A player makes a series of steps (the "approach"), jumps,
and swings at the ball.
Ideally the contact with the ball is made at the apex of
the hitter's jump. At the moment of contact, the hitter's arm is fully extended
above his or her head and slightly forward, making the highest possible contact
while maintaining the ability to deliver a powerful hit. The hitter uses arm
swing, wrist snap, and a rapid forward contraction of the entire body to drive
the ball. A 'bounce' is a slang term for a very hard/loud spike that follows an
almost straight trajectory steeply downward into the opponent's court and
bounces very high into the air. A "kill" is the slang term for an
attack that is not returned by the other team thus resulting in a point.
Contemporary volleyball comprises a number of attacking
techniques:
- Backcourt
(or backrow)/pipe attack: an attack performed by a back row player. The
player must jump from behind the 3-meter line before making contact with
the ball, but may land in front of the 3-meter line.
- Line
and Cross-court Shot: refers to whether the ball flies in a straight
trajectory parallel to the side lines, or crosses through the court in an
angle. A cross-court shot with a very pronounced angle, resulting in the
ball landing near the 3-meter line, is called a cut shot.
- Dip/Dink/Tip/Cheat/Dump:
the player does not try to make a hit, but touches the ball lightly, so
that it lands on an area of the opponent's court that is not being covered
by the defense.
- Tool/Wipe/Block-abuse:
the player does not try to make a hard spike, but hits the ball so that it
touches the opponent's block and then bounces off-court.
- Off-speed
hit: the player does not hit the ball hard, reducing its speed and thus
confusing the opponent's defense.
- Quick
hit/"One": an attack (usually by the middle blocker) where the
approach and jump begin before the setter contacts the ball. The set
(called a "quick set") is placed only slightly above the net and
the ball is struck by the hitter almost immediately after leaving the
setter's hands. Quick attacks are often effective because they isolate the
middle blocker to be the only blocker on the hit.
- Slide:
a variation of the quick hit that uses a low back set. The middle hitter
steps around the setter and hits from behind him or her.
- Double
quick hit/"Stack"/"Tandem": a variation of quick hit
where two hitters, one in front and one behind the setter or both in front
of the setter, jump to perform a quick hit at the same time. It can be
used to deceive opposite blockers and free a fourth hitter attacking from
backcourt, maybe without block at all.
Block
3 players performing a block
Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing
at the net to stop or alter an opponent's attack.
A block that is aimed at completely stopping an attack,
thus making the ball remain in the opponent's court, is called offensive. A
well-executed offensive block is performed by jumping and reaching to penetrate
with one's arms and hands over the net and into the opponent's area. It
requires anticipating the direction the ball will go once the attack takes
place. It may also require calculating the best foot work to executing the
"perfect" block.
The jump should be timed so as to intercept the ball's
trajectory prior to it crossing over the net. Palms are held deflected downward
about 45–60 degrees toward the interior of the opponents court. A
"roof" is a spectacular offensive block that redirects the power and
speed of the attack straight down to the attacker's floor, as if the attacker
hit the ball into the underside of a peaked house roof.
By contrast, it is called a defensive, or
"soft" block if the goal is to control and deflect the hard-driven
ball up so that it slows down and becomes more easy to be defended. A
well-executed soft-block is performed by jumping and placing one's hands above
the net with no penetration into the opponent's court and with the palms up and
fingers pointing backward.
Blocking is also classified according to the number of
players involved. Thus, one may speak of single (or solo), double, or triple
block.
Successful blocking does not always result in a
"roof" and many times does not even touch the ball. While it's
obvious that a block was a success when the attacker is roofed, a block that
consistently forces the attacker away from his or her 'power' or preferred
attack into a more easily controlled shot by the defense is also a highly
successful block.
At the same time, the block position influences the
positions where other defenders place themselves while opponent hitters are
spiking.
Dig
Player going for a dig.
Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching
one's court after a spike or attack, particularly a ball that is nearly
touching the ground. In many aspects, this skill is similar to passing, or
bumping: overhand dig and bump are also used to distinguish between defensive
actions taken with fingertips or with joined arms. It varies from passing
however in that is it a much more reflex based skill, especially at the higher
levels. It is especially important while digging for players to stay on their
toes; several players choose to employ a split step to make sure they're ready
to move in any direction.
Some specific techniques are more common in digging than
in passing. A player may sometimes perform a "dive", i.e., throw his
or her body in the air with a forward movement in an attempt to save the ball,
and land on his or her chest. When the player also slides his or her hand under
a ball that is almost touching the court, this is called a "pancake".
The pancake is frequently used in indoor volleyball, but rarely if ever in
beach volleyball because the uneven and infirm nature of the sand court limits
the chances that the ball will make a good, clean contact with the hand. When
used correctly, it is one of the more spectacular defensive volleyball plays.
Sometimes a player may also be forced to drop his or her
body quickly to the floor to save the ball. In this situation, the player makes
use of a specific rolling technique to minimize the chances of injuries.
Player specialization
There are 5 positions filled on every volleyball team at
the elite level. Setter, Outside Hitter/Left Side Hitter, Middle Hitter,
Opposite Hitter/Right Side Hitter and Libero/Defensive Specialist. Each of
these positions plays a specific, key role in winning a volleyball match.
- Setters have the task for orchestrating
the offense of the team. They aim for second touch and their main
responsibility is to place the ball in the air where the attackers can
place the ball into the opponents' court for a point. They have to be able
to operate with the hitters, manage the tempo of their side of the court
and choose the right attackers to set. Setters need to have swift and
skillful appraisal and tactical accuracy, and must be quick at moving
around the court.
- Liberos are defensive players who are
responsible for receiving the attack or serve. They are usually the
players on the court with the quickest reaction time and best passing
skills. Libero means 'free' in Italian—they receive this name as they
have the ability to substitute for any other player on the court during
each play. They do not necessarily need to be tall, as they never play at
the net, which allows shorter players with strong passing and defensive
skills to excel in the position and play an important role in the team's
success. A player designated as a libero for a match may not play other
roles during that match. Liberos wear a different color jersey than their
teammates.
- Middle
blockers or Middle
hitters are players that can perform very fast attacks that usually
take place near the setter. They are specialized in blocking, since they
must attempt to stop equally fast plays from their opponents and then
quickly set up a double block at the sides of the court. In non-beginners
play, every team will have two middle hitters.
- Outside
hitters or Left side
hitters attack from near the left antenna. The outside hitter is
usually the most consistent hitter on the team and gets the most sets.
Inaccurate first passes usually result in a set to the outside hitter
rather than middle or opposite. Since most sets to the outside are high,
the outside hitter may take a longer approach, always starting from
outside the court sideline. In non-beginners play, there are again two
outside hitters on every team in every match.
- Opposite
hitters or Right-side
hitters carry the defensive workload for a volleyball team in the
front row. Their primary responsibilities are to put up a well formed
block against the opponents' Outside Hitters and serve as a backup
setter. Sets to the opposite usually go to the right side of the antennae.
Volleyball Officials
Duties of Referees in Volleyball
Duties of Referees in Volleyball
The first referee is the official on the
referee stand. Of the volleyball officials, this is the referee that's in
charge of the match.
The first referee is also referred to as the R1. R1 is the head official of the match. The R1 has final say on all calls.
Think of the R1 as the facilitator. The R1 facilitates the match.
The R1 is the most important of volleyball officials and has various duties.
The first referee is also referred to as the R1. R1 is the head official of the match. The R1 has final say on all calls.
Think of the R1 as the facilitator. The R1 facilitates the match.
The R1 is the most important of volleyball officials and has various duties.
First Referee Pre-match Duties include...
Inspects
equipment/identifies ground rules
Directs informative
Captain's meeting
Briefs officiating
team
Observes setters during Warm-Up
Mechanics...
Mechanics...
Scans court prior to
each beckon
Is approachable but
assertive
Communicates
effectively with captains/coaches
Gives scorekeeper
enough time to record subs
Judgment...
Call prolonged contact
power dinks
Call prolonged contact
2nd or 3rd hit
Calls lifts out of net
correctly (not automatically)
Judges
setter/non-setter ball handling the same
Recognizes and calls
back row fouls
Recognizes and calls
overlaps and screens
Is preventative
whenever possible
Assesses penalties appropriately
Poise...
Poise...
Confident and alert
appearance
Is aware of entire
court/playing area
Has good reaction time
on calls
Directs/Controls when
necessary
Critical Elements...
Has whistle, cards and
coin
Whistle is clear,
sharp and authoritative
Signals are correct,
visible, held
Whistles ball dead
immediately, then signals
Ability to stay with
the play
Uses R2 & lines
people effectively
Good eye contact with
R2
Calls 1st hit,
prolonged contact vs multiple contact
Calls multiple
contacts on 2nd & 3rd hit
Consistent judgment
calls
Volleyball Officials Second
Referee
The second referee is the down referee. Also referred to as the R2.
The R2 has specific duties.
Pre-match Duties...
The R2 has specific duties.
Pre-match Duties...
Ensures game ball is
ready
Attends Captain's
meeting
Informs Scorekeeper of
coin flip result
Times Warm-Up
Collects line-up
sheets on time
Verifies
line-ups/player position on courts
Identifies captains to
R1
Mechanics...
Whistles/signals to
begin & end time-out
Whistles/signals
substitutions
Whistles/signal to end
time between games
Teamwork...
Communicates
effectively with scorekeeper
Assists R1; Discreet
signals (4 hits, etc.)
Is approachable but assertive
Judgment...
Judgment...
Recognizes and calls
overlap
Whistles ball outside
or over antenna (R2 side)
Whistles ball outside
playing area behind R1
Calls/Assists the back row fouls
Bench Management...
Bench Management...
Pays attention/communicates with bench/coach
Anticipates, recognizes, controls
subs/time-outs
Manages time-outs (subs off court, spills,
etc)
Critical Elements
Critical Elements
Has whistle, watch and
coin
Whistle is clear,
sharp and authoritative
Signals are correct,
visible, holds/steps out
Mimics R1, signals
(not service beckon)
Calls net fouls and
centerline fouls
Stands away from net
pole/standard
Good eye contact with
R1
Check receiving team
on each service
Focuses on defensive
team side
Transitions (side to
side) quickly
Scorekeeper
The scorekeeper keeps
track of the match on paper. The scorekeeper is responsible for such things as
filling out the pre-match heading information, recording subs, points, and
timeouts.
Libero Tracker
The libero tracker
tracks each teams libero on the libero tracking sheet.
Line Judges
The line judges are
responsible for assisting the volleyball officials with calls.
Calls include the ball lands in, the ball lands out, the ball hits an object out of play, the ball crosses the net outside the antennae, the ball hits the antennae, and server foot faults.
Calls include the ball lands in, the ball lands out, the ball hits an object out of play, the ball crosses the net outside the antennae, the ball hits the antennae, and server foot faults.
Basic fouls in Volleyball
Consecutive Contacts.
A player may not hit the ball 2 times consecutively except when blocking,
provided the contacts take place simultaneously. However, a player may make
consecutive contacts on the teams first team contact, provided the contacts
occur during one action.
Four Hits. It's a fouls
for a team to hit the ball 4 times before returning it.
Assisted Hit. It's
illegal for a player or any object to assist a teammate in playing the ball.
Catch. It's illegal to
catch or throw the ball. The ball must rebound from the hit.
Ball Crossing the Net
Outside the Crossing Space. The ball must cross the net within the crossing
space. The ball must cross over the net, between the antennaes and their
imaginary extension, and without contacting the ceiling.
Reaching Over the Net.
There are official rules for playing the ball at the net.
Penetration Under the
Net. It's permitted for a player to step under the net into the opponents court
provided that some part of the penetrating hand or foot is in contact with or
is directly above the center line.
Contact with the Net.
Contact with the net is only a fault if contact is made during the action of
playing the ball or if it interferes with play.
Foot Fault. At the
moment of service contact or take off for a jump serve, the server must not
touch the court or the ground outside the service zone. After contact, he/she
may step or land outside the service zone or inside the court.
Attacking Faults. The
following are volleyball foulss for attacking...
A back row player
completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of contact, the
ball is entirely above the top of the net.
An opponent completes
an attack hit on a served ball, when the ball is in the front zone and the ball
is entirely above the top of the net.
The libero completes
an attack hit, if at the moment of contact, the ball is entirely above the top
of the net.
A player completes an
attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming from an
overhand finger pass by a libero in the front zone.
Blocking within the
Opponents Space. A blocker may place his/her hands beyond the net provided this
action doesn't interfere with the opponents play. It's legal to block beyond
the net, provided...
The ball would have
crossed the net if not touched by a player and no member of the attacking team
was in position to make a play.
The ball is falling
near the net and no member of the attacking team is in position to make a play.
Contact with the ball
is made after 3 team contacts.
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